How to get rich? Make a lot or save a lot?

How does someone achieve financial security or even get rich? Is it by earning a lot or by scrimping, exercising thrift and saving a lot? Bloomberg Opinion writers Nir Kaissar and Barry Ritholtz met online to debate.

Nir Kaissar: Anyone lucky enough to earn a steady, living wage -- and there are tragically too few -- can attain financial security, and maybe even get rich, by saving and investing their money. It doesn't require deprivation, contrary to popular perception. But it does require sustained and disciplined frugality, a state of mind anyone can cultivate and I would argue everyone should. 

Frugality, as I mean it, is the pursuit of a full life with the minimum consumption necessary to achieve it. It's a habit of always asking whether less is more, or at least good enough. Is life any worse without a daily $5 latte, or a new car every two to three years or a 6,000 square-foot house? The answers will necessarily be different for different people; the important part is asking the questions.

And many are asking those questions now that coronavirus has stripped life to its bare essentials. I suspect some have discovered that they consume more than they need or even want. The pandemic spending recess is an opportunity to reset.    

Perhaps some might even find that a simpler life is also a richer one, both literally and figuratively, as I believe it is.

Barry Ritholtz: I am not, nor have I ever been, a fan of "sustained and disciplined frugality." With that said, here's what to keep in mind:   

1. Focus on the big things; the little things will take care of themselves 

2. We all only have so much internal discipline, a consequence of limited mental bandwidth. Don't fritter it away on things that don't matter very much.

3. Spending should always be a function of what you can afford, not a slavish devotion to some puritan ideal.

4. Money can bring security, comfort and happiness, but beyond a certain point returns on having more of it diminish rapidly. 

5. Experiences tend to beat material goods in terms of money well spent. 

First, the big things: Your education, your career choice, your work ethic, who you marry, who you work with, your skill set, your compensation, your health, your outlook, how you think about the world and the commitment you make to yourself about continually learning and improving. 

Get those right, and those $5 lattes become pretty irrelevant. 

NK: We agree on what's important, in your parlance the big things. I would argue, however, that not only do the little things not take care of themselves, they often get in the way of the big ones.

Benjamin Franklin, America's most famous frugalist, put it this way: "Beware of little expenses; a small leak will sink a great ship."

Most of us have limited resources. Every dollar thoughtlessly spent means less savings, and in many cases more debt. Having some financial cushion is often the difference between being stuck in an undesirable job and having the freedom to pursue more education or work that is more fulfilling or challenging.

There are also lots of people who can't afford to leave their job because too much of their paycheck supports a big house or fancy cars or seemingly trivial expenses that quickly add up, even as the job takes a toll on their health or family. The things we own, and more broadly the lifestyle we lead, often end up owning us.

And what happens when the career runs its course or vanishes along the way? People often assume they can spend freely indefinitely, but that's rarely true. It's better to seek a full life that is sustainable than to scramble to find one when the money dries up.      

It's true that being thoughtful about spending requires mental effort, but it also creates space to pursue the big things.

BR: We have been under lockdown for more than two months and many of us are not doing the routine things that turn out to cost of lot of money.

For example, gone are my work commute, breakfast and lunch at the office, dry cleaning, etc. It costs money anytime you step into a gym, or on to a golf course or tennis court; take a lesson and that's extra. Gone too are our Friday date nights, dinners out and the occasional show, concert, theater or stand-up comedian. Saturday nights used to be dinner with friends, family, etc. No longer. My small boat is sitting unused, saving on gas and other expenses. Gone too are the occasional weekend brunch and vacation plans are out. It adds up.

But even when I was spending more, my formula was simple: Spend less than you make, preferably much less. It is a mistake to focus on absolute spending as opposed to spending relative to earnings and savings. This is what so many spending scolds get wrong. 

I pay off the credit cards in full each month, prepay my 3.99% mortgage, max out my 401(k), have other stock and bond investments. I live well within my means, invest smartly and carry almost no debt other than a mortgage. And even if I sometimes spend what appears to be a lot of money on fun or nonsense, it is all well within what I can afford.

Avoid the hedonic treadmill and you will be much better off. That said, no one on their deathbed looks back and says, "Boy, am I glad I did not buy that sailboat in my 60s." More people rue what they didn't do than what they did.

NK: The irony is that you're a good example of the mindful consumption I'm advocating. You focus your spending on the things and experiences you find meaningful, and you spend much less than you make, all of which allows you to save and pursue the big things. In my experience, you're the vast exception.

BR:  Let's bring this back to my biggest issue with frugality, and that's mental bandwidth.

Will power is finite. Constantly tracking every last cent is mentally exhausting, and as we learned with the Stanford Marshmallow experiment and delayed gratification has a real cost.

We have a household budget, and we track all of the big things: Mortgages, taxes, utilities, cars, vacation and all of the repeating costs. I appreciate that it is a luxury to not spend all my attention on smaller, day-to-day costs.

NK: But let's not forget the other side. Owning lots of toys and trying to maintain a free-spending lifestyle can also be exhausting. The trick, of course, is to find the balance. This shutdown is forcing everyone to momentarily lead a simpler life. Perhaps some will discover it's an improvement.

BR: I hear what you say, but I'd like to would wrap up with this reminder: Spend what you want, but preferably on experiences rather than stuff. But there is no reason not to buy the occasional shiny object, as long as you can afford it. Knowing your financial limits is the key to a successful financial life.

Disclaimer: This article first appeared on Bloomberg. com, and is published by special syndication arrangement