Key genetic factors linked to severe cholera symptoms: Study by Nottingham Uni, IEDCR, Icddr,b, NSU
Cholera is a deadly diarrheal disease that continues to threaten millions worldwide with up to 4 million cases and as many as 143,000 deaths each year
Experts have used a cutting-edge computational approach to discover the genetic factors that make the bacteria behind cholera so dangerous - which could be key to preventing this deadly disease.
The breakthrough study, published in Nature Communications, is led by Professor Tania Dottorini from the University of Nottingham, in collaboration with Bangladesh's Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, and North South University.
The innovative research combines machine learning, genomics, genome-scale metabolic modelling (GSMM), and 3D structural analysis to uncover the genetic secrets of Vibrio cholerae – the bacteria behind cholera, the University of Nottingham said in a statement.
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Cholera is a deadly diarrheal disease that continues to threaten millions worldwide with up to 4 million cases and as many as 143,000 deaths each year.
In Bangladesh alone, where cholera is a persistent danger, 66 million people are at risk, with over 100,000 cases and 4,500 deaths annually.
Vibrio cholerae is evolving in ways that make the disease more severe and harder to control, but until now, scientists have struggled to pinpoint the exact genetic factors driving these changes.
There is even less knowledge about the genomic traits responsible for the severity of cholera resulting from these lineages.
About 1 in 5 people with cholera will experience a severe condition owing to a combination of symptoms (primarily diarrhoea, vomiting, and dehydration).
In this new study, the UK-Bangladeshi research team analysed bacterial samples from cholera patients across six regions in Bangladesh, collected between 2015 and 2021. They identified a set of unique genes and mutations in the most recent and dominant strain of Vibrio cholerae responsible for the devastating 2022 outbreak.
These genetic traits are linked to the bacteria's ability to cause severe symptoms like prolonged diarrhoea, intense abdominal pain, vomiting, and dehydration-;symptoms that can lead to death in severe cases.
The findings of the study also revealed that some of these disease-causing traits overlap with those that help the bacteria spread more easily. The findings show how these genetic factors enable Vibrio cholerae to survive in the human gut, making it more resilient to environmental stress and more efficient at causing disease.
This research highlights the complex interactions between the bacteria's genetic makeup and its ability to cause severe illness.
This new computational framework is a major step forward in the fight against cholera. By identifying the key genetic factors that make Vibrio cholerae more dangerous, scientists can develop better treatments and more targeted strategies to control and prevent future outbreaks.
This breakthrough offers new hope for improving public health in Bangladesh and potentially saving countless lives worldwide.
